Pronouns

Perhaps to make up for its nonexistent verb conjugations, Nadhrau has a long, complicated list of pronouns. While these are intimidating for those unfamiliar with the language, they in fact minimize confusion in speech.

Nadhrau has five pronoun groups, each with no fewer than fourteen choices. This makes for a total of 70 pronouns - an impressive count. (this is made slightly less complex by the fact that many of the plural pronouns are simply pluralized singular pronouns). There are also two possessive pronoun groups, with seven options each (adding another fourteen to the total).

The pronouns are as follows:

SUBJECT: the actor
(English is I, you, he/she/it, we, they)

1st sing: dha
2nd sing f: apau
2nd sing m: apa
3rd sing f: bau
3rd sing m: ba
3rd sing n: beb

1st pl, addressee incl: wadha
1st pl, addressee not incl: nedha
2nd pl f: wapau
2nd pl m: wapa
2nd pl n: wap
3rd pl f: wabau
3rd pl m: waba
3rd pl n: wabeb


DIRECT OBJECT: the thing upon which the actor is acting
(English is me, you, her/him/it, us, them)

1st sing: dhae
2nd sing f: waulh
2nd sing m: walh
3rd sing f: mau
3rd sing m: ma
3rd sing n: meb

1st pl, addressee incl: wadhae
1st pl, addressee not incl: nidhae
2nd p f: wawaulh
2nd pl m: wawalh
2nd pl n: walh
3rd pl f: wamau
3rd pl m: wama
3rd pl n: wameb


INDIRECT OBJECT: the thing to whom the actor gives the direct object
(English is me, you, him/her/it, us, them)

1st sing: dhue
2nd sing f: aul
2nd sing m: al
3rd sing f: vau
3rd sing m: va
3rd sing n: vab

1st pl, addressee incl: wadhue
1st pl, addressee not incl: nidhue
2nd p f: waul
2nd pl m: wal
2nd pl n: wale
3rd pl f: wavau
3rd pl m: wava
3rd pl n: wavab


PREPOSITIONAL: the pronouns that follow a preposition
(English is me, you, him/her/it, us, them)

1st sing: nae
2nd sing f: tho
2nd sing m: tso
3rd sing f: paet
3rd sing m: daet
3rd sing n: aet

1st pl, addressee incl: wanae
1st pl, addressee not incl: ninae
2nd p f: watho
2nd pl m: watso
2nd pl n: wat
3rd pl f: wapaet
3rd pl m: wadaet
3rd pl n: waet


REFLEXIVE/RECIPROCAL: the subject and the object are the same
(while it's phrased differently, English more or less is myself, yourself, her/him/itself, ourselves, themselves)

1st sing: fae
2nd sing f: lil
2nd sing m: lin
3rd sing f: teb
3rd sing m: ted
3rd sing n: te

1st pl, addressee incl: wafae
1st pl, addressee not incl: nifae
2nd p f: walil
2nd pl m: walin
2nd pl n: wali
3rd pl f: wateb
3rd pl m: wated
3rd pl n: wate


POSSESSIVE DETERMINER: to describe something as belonging to someone (my cup)
(English is my, your, his/her/its, our, their)

1st sing: ae-
2nd sing: lu-
3rd sing: tu-

1st pl, addressee incl: wiae-
1st pl, addressee not incl: niae-
2nd pl: walu-
3rd pl: watu-


PREDICATE ADJECTIVES: also indicate possession, but are also nouns (the cup is mine)
(English is mine, yours, his/hers/its, ours, theirs)

1st sing: daela
2nd sing: ula
3rd sing: tula

1st pl, addressee incl: wadaela
1st pl, addressee not incl: nidaela
2nd pl: wala
3rd pl: watula